Diamond
Overview
Diamond is made of a single element, carbon, arranged in an extremely strong crystal structure. It is the hardest natural material known, rated 10 on the Mohs scale. Its high refractive index gives a well-cut diamond its brilliance and the flashes of rainbow color known as fire.
Most diamonds formed more than 100 miles (about 160 km) below the surface, and reached the surface through volcanic eruptions in rocks called kimberlites.
Origins
Russia and Botswana are the world’s largest producers by value, followed by Canada and others. Australia’s Argyle mine was famous for pink diamonds until it closed in 2020.
The full diamond guide is being written by the Tavira Gems Editorial Team.
Last updated November 2, 2026 by the Tavira Gems Editorial Team.